Linking inherent anisotropy with liquefaction phenomena of granular materials by means of DEM analysis

The liquefaction phenomena of sands have been studied by many researchers to date. Laboratory element tests revealed key factors that govern phenomena, such as relative density, particle size distribution, and grain shape. However, challenges remain in quantifying inherent anisotropy evaluating its impact on phenomena. This contribution explores the effect mechanical response granular materials using discrete method. Samples composed spherical particles are prepared which approximately same void ratio mean coordination number (CN), but varying degrees terms contact normals. Their responses compared under drained undrained triaxial monotonic loading well cyclic loading. simulation results reveal instability followed can be observed for loose samples having a large degree anisotropy. Since sample initial tends deform more weaker direction, leading lower resistance, an isotropic fabric potentially exhibits greatest resistance. Moreover, effective stress path during is found follow failure lines static From micromechanical perspective, recovery when threshold CN develops along with evolving induced Realising conventional index anisotropic (a) not drops almost zero liquefaction, this proposes alternative index, (a×CN), evolution tracked effectively, common upper bounds defined both tests.